What is an ovarian cyst?
An ovarian cyst is a collection a fluid surrounded by a thin wall, located within or on your ovary. Medical experts define a ‘cyst’ as any ovarian follicle larger than about two centimetres. The cysts vary in size, ranging from pea-size to the size of an orange.
Who can develop an ovarian cyst?
Ovarian cysts can affect women of all ages, although you are statistically more likely to develop them during infancy, adolescence and child-bearing years.
What causes ovarian cysts?
The main causes of ovarian cysts are hormonal problems, pregnancy, and severe pelvic infections. Ovarian cysts are also a feature of endometriosis, a disease in which tissue that normally grows inside the uterus begins to grow outside.
What are the symptoms?
While some women experience no noticeable symptoms, others can struggle with uterine bleeding, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weight gain, headaches, bloating, and changes to bowel and bladder movements.
Is every cyst harmful?
No. Some ovarian cysts are referred to as being ‘functional’, forming a regular part of the monthly menstrual cycle. However, other cysts pose a risk of being malignant, which means that you should always consult your doctor.
How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?
If you are suffering from any of the above symptoms, be sure to consult your doctor. Ovarian cysts are diagnosed by an ultrasound or CT scan, while further endocrinological tests are also generally required.
How are they treated?
Sometimes, if your cyst poses a serious threat, you will need to undergo surgery. Where surgery is not required, treatments ranging from over-the-counter pain medicine to hormonal and contraceptive medication will be recommended by your doctor.
